CHINNAMANOOR CONNECTIONS

Saturday, 6 August 2011

Bharatwaja clan of cmr

File name: “ Rewind and find.”


		Know your roots and names of ancestors and their blood relationship.
		Data for family tree branches of Chinnamanoor Bharatwaja gothram - ( AD 1800 to AD 2000 )
		( This listing is just for the sake of records and knowledge and to update the same in future.)
gene
ration		* Deekshithar	* Hailing from a respected prohit family of
{ 1 }		*Sri Yegyanarayanan. ( Bharatwaja gothram)*	Thirunelveli district, he later got married
			and settled down at Chinnamanoor.

{ 2 }		Siblings ( brothers and sisters ) AD 1800	cmr link parents
a		subbalakshmi ammal.	*Deekshithar Yegyanarayananan*
b		ponna ammal	*& kamakshi ammal.*
c		mangammal

{ 3 }		Siblings & Cousins of say, AD 1820	cmr link parents
			ref. 2a
a	1	kamakshi alias kunjammal.	subbalakshmi ( suppammal )
	2	ponnamma	w/o …………..of periakulam
	3	ammani ammal.
	4	subbaraman
	5	*Sankaran $*
		( 3a - 5 ) was adopted by maternal grand father..
		..deekshithar Yegnanarayanan. ( Ref 1. )
			ref. 2b
b	1	sastha iyer.	ponna ammal
	2	subramanian.	w/o Padmanabha iyer of Kambam
	3	seethai ammal.
			ref. 2c
c		no issues	mangammal & sundaram iyer of cmr.

{ 4 }		Siblings & Cousins from AD 1840	cmr link parents
			ref. 3a - 5
a	1	S.Yegyanarayanan	*$ - Sankara iyer. & alamelu nachiar*
	2	Subramanian	daughter of N. Annasamy iyer alias
	3	Subbulakshmi	vaidyanathan and grand father of
			engineer c. krishna iyer of cmr (S)
			ref. 3a - 4
b	1	suppu	subbarama iyer.& bageerathi ammal
	2	vengalakshmi.
			ref. 3a - 1
c	1	muthammal	kamakshi ammal ( kunjammal) and
	2	suppammal	Kulandaisami iyer of Thenkarai
	3	suri iyer ( Thenkarai)
	4	venkateswaran.( Thenkarai)
d	1	$ one daughter ( name ?)	ponnaama & ………….of…ref 3a - 2
			3a- 3
e	1	kasi ammal (alias parvathi)	ammani ammal / venkatanarayana iyer
	2	subbalakshmi ammal.	of Melmangalam.
	3	Srinivasan ( seenu mama)
			ref 3b - 1
f	1	padmanabhan	Sastha iyer. & ……………
	2	Narayanasamy #
g		No issues	Subramanian.& ……………. Ref 3 b - 2
h	1	Ramaiah	Seethai ammal.& ………ref 3b - 3
	2	Suppu

{ 5 }		Siblings & Cousins from AD 1870	cmr link parents
a	1	cy.sankaran. ( sangara thatha )	ref. 4a - 1
	2	cy.subramanyan ( subbramanya thatha)	*S.Yegyanarayanan*
	3	Kamakshi alias kamu ammal or kamu athai)	*& Kamakshi ammal.*
	4	chellammal (chelamma athai)
	5	mangalam ( mangalam athai)
	6	cy.nageswaran.( kunjappa)
			ref. 4a - 2
b		no issues	subramanian & vengulakshmi
			ref. 4a - 3
c	1	C.R.Natesan (S)	subbu lakshmi & Ramiah iyer-cmr (S)
			ref 4b - 1
d	1	periyaiya	suppu & ...…?..........of……..
	2	chinnaiah
	3	visalam
			ref 4b - 2
e		….?....	vengulakshmi & sundaram iyer
			ref. 4c - 1
f		….?....	muthammal & madava iyer (sholavandan)
			ref. 4c - 2
g		….?....	suppammal & venkateswara iyer
			ref. 4c - 3
h	1	chinnaih iyer ( thenkarai)	suri iyer ( Thenkarai) & ……
	2	appathurai iyer (kambam)
			ref. 4c - 4
i	1	T.V.Chellapa sastri	venkateswaran.( Thenkarai)& …..
	2	kamu ammal
	3	Lakshmi ammal
	4	appathurai
			ref. 4d - 1
j	1	Ammalu ammal ( w/o T.V. Chellappa sastri)	ponamma's daughter & w/o ………….
			ref. 4e - 1
k	1	appathurai	kasi ammal (parvathi)
	2	muthiah
	3	yechappa
	4	kamakshi
	5	vengulakshmi
	6	ammani.
l		no issues	subbalakshmi ammal.

m	1	ammani	Srinivasan (seenu) 4e - 3
	2	parvatham
	3	suppu
			4f - 1
			padmanabhan & ………..
			4f - 2
n	1	Kamu ammal ( periakulam)	Narayanasamy & ……………
	2	Visalam ammal ( kadathur)	4g - 1- 2



{ 6 }		Siblings & Cousins - AD 1900	cmr link parents
			5a - 1
a	1	S.yegyanarayanan (Rajam)	cy sankaran
	2	cys.viswanathan.	and seetha lakshmi ( Akka)
	3	alamelu & annapoorany
			5a - 2
b		no issues.	cy subramanian & ammalu ammal
			5a - 6
c	1	yegnanarayanan ( 1929)	cy nageswaran (kunjappa)
	2	Janaki, padmawathi, thayammal,malathi	and kamu ammal
			5a - 3
d	1	A. Ananthanarayanan.	kamakshi (B) & subramania iyer - cmr (S)
			5a - 4
e	1	Sivakamu ( w/o Usilambatti Sivasubramanian)	chellammal (B) & C.R.Natesa iyer.(S)
	2	Lakshmi, alamelu,rajeswari	C.R.Natesa iyer. ( Natesattan )
	3	Muthu,chellam,kicha,rajam,sundaram	& Vengulakshmi
f		no issues.	mangalam & …. 5a - 5 ( Link broken )
			5 I - 1
g	1	T.C. subramanian ( married alamelu - ref. 6a - 2 )	T.V.Chellapa sastri & ammalu (ref. 5 j -1)
	(2	to 7)cheenu,Nanu,Kittu,chelamma,rajam & booma
			5 k - 1 to 6
h	1	peria aiiya, chinna aiya and visalam (melmangalam)	appathurai iyer - Link broken
i	1	Ammalu ammal	muthiah iyer
j	1	Ammalu ammal ( ammalu chitti w/o subramanian( B )	yechappa iyer
	2	mani iyer ( periakulam nattamai)
k		…………..?........	kamakshi ( Link broken )
l		sankarambal, parwathi ammal, lakshmi & subramani	vengulakshmi ( Link broken )
m	1	kulandaisamy alias venkatanarayanan ( Madurai)	ammani ammal ( Thenkarai ) &………
			5 m - 1 to 3 ( of seenu mama branch)
n	1	ammalu alias parvathi	ammani ammal & …………
	2	meenakshi nageswaran.
o	1	C.S. Viswanathan, C.S.muthusamy,C.S.sundaram	Parvathammal ( ref. 5 m - 2 ) married to
	2	C.S.Natarajan - bageerathi - meenakshi	vakil pudutheru c.srinivasa iyer.-cmr (S)
	3	C.S. chanduru ( later adapted by C.Ramaswami iyer.)

p		Ramalakshmi ammal.	suppu & muthusami iyer (Thuthukkudi)
			of periakulam south agraharam

{ 7 }		Siblings & Cousins - AD 1930	cmr link parents
			ref. 6 a -1
a		(Kamu ) ; (Sankaran ) ; ( 1 )R.Krishnamoorthy(1934)	S.Yegyanarayana iyer alias Rajam.
		( 2 )R.Rajagopal ( 1938) , Padma (1940 - 47)	( s/o c.y.sankara iyer & seetha lakshmi.)
		( 3 )R.Subramanian (Mani)- 1942, (saradha1944-46)	& visalakshi ammal - d/o c.krishna iyer
		( 4) R.Dandapani (Raju) - (1949) / ( 5 )R.Sundar.-1952	of cmr and periakulam south agraharam

			ref. 6 a -4
b		Sankara raman (Ambi) 1941 & (Seetha1940-46 )	cys.viswanatha iyer
			and Rajamma chitti
		Lalitha, rajappa, sukumar, jayakumar,	cys.viswanatha iyer and muthu chiiti
		radha, suresh, geetha,(nirmala),
		ramesh,murali,muthiya,ganesh & raji.
			ref. 6 a -3
c		BR. Muthu. B.R.Sankaran, B.R.mani and Nagam	annapoorani ( B) and B.R.Ramasamy.

d		chelappa (Ambattur,madras)	alamelu attai ( ref. 6a - 2) and
			T.C.S. subramanyan.( ref. 6g - 1)
			6b - L ink broken
			ref.6c - 4
e	1	Gowri kamakshi.	C.N. Yagna Narayanan
	2	Mangalam	& Saraswathi
	3	Banu
f			ref.6c - others
			Janaki & Ramamoorthy deekshdar
			Padmawathi & Kittu(gopichettipalayam)
			Thayammal & malathi
			ref. 6 d - 1
g		A. Rajagopalan ( alias papa ) & A.kannan	S. Anantha narayanan ( S ) - CBE
		Rajeswari & Saroja	& Subba lakshmi. (attanmanni)
			ref. 6 e - 1 to 9
h	1	meenambal (w/o seethapathi)	Sivakamu & sivasubramaniam ( U.patti.)
		To fill up after collectting complete details	Lakshmi, alamelu,rajeswari
		...do...	Muthu, chellam, kicha,Rajam &sundaram
			ref. 6 f - 1 ( Link broken)
			ref. 6 g - 1
i	1	chelappa (Ambattur,madras)	T.C.subramanian & Alamelu - Madras

j			A. Rajagopalan ( alias papa ) , Kannan
			Rajeswari & Saroja

k	1	chellamma ( kadathur)	Ammalu ammal & …?..... ref. 6 i - 1
	2	Lakshmibai
			ref. 6 j - 1
l		No issues	Ammalu (chitti) & subramanian - cmr

			ref. 6 j - 2
m		Lakshmipathi alias Lakshminarayanan	mani iyer (nattamai) & Lakshmibai - PKM
		vengulakshmi alias prema.

{ 8 }		Siblings & Cousins -- AD 1960	cmr link parents

		S.Rajam Iyer - cmr family branch	ref 7-a ( 1 to 5)
a	1	Mythili - 1961	R.Krishnamoorthy
	2	Vasanthi - 1962	Saraswathi. (sarasa)
b	1	Nandini - 1968	R.Rajagopalan (Gopal)
	2	Savitha - 1971	Rajalakshmi (Raji)
c	1	Priya - 1969	R.Subramanian (mani)
	2	Anitha - 1971	Jayalakshmi (jayam)

d	1	Prasanna - 1978	R.Dandapani (Raju)
	2	Pradeep - 1982	Malathi

e	1	Krishnan ( 1981 - 1989)	R.Sundaram (sundar)
	2	Gayathri - 1982	Latha
	3	Archana - 1984




		Batlagundu - Annapurni atai family branch	ref 7-c
f			BR. Muthu & Jayam
g			BR.sankaran & Radha
h			BR.Mani & Padma
i			Nagam & Sadasivam
		cmr. - cys.viswanatha iyer family branch	ref 7-b
j			Sankararaman (Ambi)
k			Rajappa
l			Sukumar
m			Jayakumar
n			Suresh
o			Ramesh
p			Murali
q			Muthiah
r			Ganesh
s			Lalitha , geetha. Radha & Raji

t		muthusubramanian.	meenambal (w/o seethapathi) ref 7- f 1

		Periakulam - C.N. Yagna Narayanan family branch	ref 7-e ( 1 to 3)
u		Rajalakshmi % saraswathi	Gowri Kamkshi and Baskaran
v		Buvana & Ramaprasad	Mangalam and Raghavan
w		Natarajan.& Rishi narayan	Banu and Hari krishnan

{ 9 }		Siblings & Cousins from AD 1980	cmr link parents ( ref 8 a to e )
		(cmr S.Rajam iyer's sons family branch)
a	1	Sharath SriRam (1982)	Mythili & SriRam
	2	Aarthi SriRam (1985)
b	1	Renuka Rajeev (1985)	Vasanthi & Rajeev
	2	Varun Rajeev (1987)
c	1	Smriti Harish (1991)	Nandini & D. Harish
	2	Shreyas Harish (1995)
d	1	Samyuktha Kartik (1993)	Savitha & V. Karthikeyan.
	2	Vinay Kartik (1997)
e	1	Kaavya (1990)	Priya & Nataraj

f	1	Meghna ( 2002 )	Anitha & Raja
	2	Abhinav ( 2005 )
g			Prasanna & Srividya

h			Pradeep & Raksha

i			Gayathri & Bala

j			Archana & Sathya

The above cmr Bharawaja clan has close links with cmr Srivatsa clan shown below.
Only a short tabulation summary is given for ready reference.

cmr Srivatsa clan’s branches (S)

Gen 1

Narayana Iyer (m) …..?.......

/ /

Narayana Iyer’s Narayana Iyer’s

Second Son First Son

Family branches Family branches

Gen 2 – (2) Sundaram (m) venkulakshmi.	Gen 2 - 1 Srinivasan (m) …..?.......	Srinivasan	Srinivasan
Gen 3 – (1) Sundararajan (m) baskari	Gen 3 -1 Rama iyer (m) Seshammal	Gen 3 - 2 Narayanan (m) Vengulakshmi	Narayanan (m) Vengulakshmi
Gen 4 Narayanan alias Nanappa (m) Ranganayaki	Gen 4 Subba iyer (m) Lakshmi	Gen 4 Annasamy alias Vaidyanathan (m) Alamelu	Gen 4 Sabapathi iyer (m) …?....
Gen 5 No issues adapts # c.srinivasa iyer (m) Parvatham (B)	Gen 5 1.Ananthanarayan (m) Thenammal 2.Subraya iyer (m) Narayani	Gen 5 Chellam Iyer Alias $ Narayanan (m) Narayani	Gen 5 Subbaraya iyer (m) Narayani

Brother Brother Brother $ Sister

Peria Muththaiah Iyer (m) ….?...	Chinna Muththaiah (m) Chellakka	Rajappa alias Rajam iyer (m) Gnanambal	Narayanan (m) Narayani	Nachiyar Alamelu (m) Sankaran (B)
Gen 6	Gen 6	Gen 6	Gen 6	Gen 6
Muthukrishnan (m) Narayani	No Issues & * adapted CVM	C.R.Annasamy (m)Suppakka	C.Krishna Iyer (m) Nagammal	Ref. list under Bharatwaja clan

Gen 6 cousins

Brother C.V Brother C.S # Brother CR $ CK

Iyya iyer alias Vythyanathan (m) Kamatchi	C.srnivasa Iyer (m) Parvatham	C.Ramasamy iyer (m)..?	C.Krishna Iyer (m) Nagamma	PKM vakil Muthukrishnan (m) Narayani
Gen 7	Gen 7	Gen 7	Gen 7	Gen 7
chellaiah mama CVM – * muthu mama CVR Ramu mama	c.s. viswanathan c.s.sundaram c.s. muthusamy (m) Lakshmi c.s.ramachandran c.s.natarajan	No issues & adapted chandru c.s.ramachandran	Visalam only daughter (m) Rajam Iyer (B)	Rajamani mama Muththaiah Mama Sankari mama Bagirathi chitti

Gen 4 - marriage link with Bharatwaja gothram.

The first teen age couple to connect Srivatsa clan with bharatwaja clan was when N.Annasasamy alias Vaidyanathan & Deekshidar egnanarayan became sambandhis.

Next it was Vaidyanathan’s brother C.Sabapathi iyer and cousin brother Subba Iyer.

and C.S.Rama iyer

C.S Rama iyer (m) subbalakshmi [d/o nachiyar alamelu and sankaran –B]

Their son C.R..Natesan (m) aunt’s daughter chellamma and their only daughter is sivakamu and her daughter meenanaml (m) C.S.Seethapathi (brother C.S.Chellappa) and whose son is c.s muthusubramanian.

2) C.S. Muthusamy Iyer. adapted his brother,s son C.R.Natesan.

3) C.S.Rajam iyer is the youngest brother of C.S.Muthusamy

Tuesday, 2 August 2011

cmr story contents

Contents.

a) Prologue [ author: R.Rajagopal ]

b) Preface

c) cmr story

Part no Title name Year Graha Lakshmi & co
[ mamiyar & mattuppen parambara ]

Story makers

Part 1 …” The Soil “………………..AD 1800. Kamakshi ammal

Part 2 …” The Seeds “……………... AD 1825 Subba Lakshmi

Part 3 …” The Roots “……………... AD 1850 Nachchiyar Alamelu

Part 4… ” Trunks and Branches”… AD 1875 Kamakshi

Par 5 ....” Trees and Groves “…….. AD 1900 Seetha Lakshmi

[ alias அக்கா பாட்டி ]

Part 6 .....” Is it jungle or forest? “…... AD 1930 Visalakshi

[ விசாலப் பாட்டி ]

f) Epilogue. [ For future story tellers. ]

Later on after 1960

- ” Family shifted from cmr “…… Sarasvathi krishnamoorthy

.... to settle down at Chennai. Rajalakshmi Rajagopal

Jayalakshmi Subramanian

Malathi Dandapani alias Raju.

Latha Sundar

- “Builders of modern generation.. from 1980 - "Ashta Lakshmi Cousins"
[ Mythili Sriram - Vasanthi Rajeev - Nandini Harish - Savitha kartik -
Priya Nataraj - Anitha Raja - Gayathri Bala & Archna Sathya. ]

with modern graha lakshmis,
Srividya prasanna and
Raksha Sidhdarth (alias pradeep)

In Future after 2000 AD

" Career builders......" The utra modern global cousins.

- ” Sinnamanur?.. what is it“ …. ..

Mexican dish or Italian delicacy!

Prologue ( Author's note )

It is a little wonder how I got in to this mess.

Then, I asked self, “What made me venture in to this”?

Is it not a near impossible task to under take? – What made you do it?

To think of it, it was Kitchu’s son Ashok – really!

It was perhaps 20 or more years back. –

Kitchu had come back to

India

after a long gap.

He came home with his teen-age son Ashok and we had a family get-together and dinner.

It was noisy as usual, every one laughing and talking all at the same time.

Then, I noticed that Kitchu was constantly being disturbed by his son.
He kept asking questions like who is who and how is one related to the other etc.

So, I brought the 54” x 12”size family chart roll of Kitchu’s clan
and handed it over to young Ashok telling that it is self-explanatory.

After some time I thought that the boy has gone to sleep, noticing that
he was flat on the floor, upside down with his head buried to the chart spread on the ground.

Then, I realized that not only that he was deeply engrossed in to it but was taking notes.

Till then I never thought that young ones will have any interest in the good old times.

Perhaps that was when I got this idea of sharing with others what ever I knew of the past.

But the time has not come to make an effort – not even after my retirement
that too when it coincided with the birth of PC and internet.

Time will come on its own not when you order it to come.

May be the time has come now but I am not sure if I up to it.

Still I have to do what I can.- It is a commitment to our clan members.

I fervently hope that ‘He’ who resided in the writing stick of ‘Veda Vyasa’,
will come to my rescue to help moving my mouse and pressing the key board buttons.

CMR story reveals the importance of female line ( Graha Lakshmis ) of the clans as the back bone of joint family system, keeping under control the emotional imbalances that lead to disputes and quarrels to maintain peace and unity of the family of relatives.

சிவகாமி அம்மன் துணை

All about our ancestral place.

Before knowing about our forefathers, we need to know about their place of settlement.
Our story may deal with 200 year old grand pas but our ancestral place 'Vala Nadu'
is more ancient than we know of and got renamed as 'Chinnamanoor' only 800 years back
There is a story for its present name.

“The story for the name chinnamanoor”.

At the fag end of the Chola Empire, ‘Pandyas’ were back in power by AD 1250.

The aging king ‘Kulabooshana Pandyan’ had two sons. He made his first son Rajendran
as the crown prince, to become the king and ruler of Pandya’s capital city of Madurai.

The younger brother Rajasingan, married to the Chola princess was getting influenced by his new contacts and became jealous of his brother. - Becoming bold by the support of the Chola’s army, he ventured to capture Madurai, lost the battle and was brought as a prisoner before his brother Rajendra pandiyan.

Rajasingan felt ashamed not at his defeat but because of his brother who showed him the magnanimity as a king and great affection as his elder brother. - He not only pardoned him for his ignorant act but also offered to him a portion of his kingdom to rule.

He made him the prince of ‘Vala nadu’ – so named because of its fertile soil in the periar valley, 80 km west of Madurai. - Surrounded by hills and rivers it was in a remote corner, unnoticeable to outsiders and blessed with hard working and peace-loving people.

For the rural masses, Rajendran, was ‘Periaman’ meaning peria mannan, (Senior king)

They referred to Rajasingan as ‘Chinnaman’, meaning china mannan. (Junior king)

Rajasingan quickly got into the act of improving agriculture by developing cultivable lands through deforestation and clearing that brought to light an ancient Shiva temple.

They found a ‘Swayamu Lingam’ too hidden from view by the over grown thick bushes of the flower forests on the banks of the river mullai aaru.

It turned out to be a pre-historic place – A Punya Shethram called “ Arikeasi Nallur”.
The grateful citizens of Poolanandapuram named the new find as Chinnaman's Oor = chinnamanoor.

It is tala purana, as told by temple priest of cmr sivakami amman temple and it is supposed to find mention in "Kaantha purana", one of the eighteen saivite puranas.

Originally told by Lord Shiva to Nandhi devar, it was passed on to saint Sannat kumarar who in turn told it to veda Vyasar.- His deciple Sudha mamunivar narrated the same with its side-stories to sage Athri and a large group of saints gathered at kymisaranya vanam.

The back ground scenario of this purana story involving Aarikesarinallur(cmr) are those events that took place in a particular yuga in which Parvathi devi is born as Dakshayani and marries Parama sivan, much against her father Dakshan's wishes.

Later on, Dakshan humiliates Lord Siva by not inviting him to his maha yagam and thus refusing him the privilage of first honour in any yagnam. - No one will dare do this.

He also ignores his daughter who comes there uninvited, inspite of Shiva’s warning.

Parvathi feels too ashamed to go back to her husband and jumps in to the yaga gundam.

Lord Shiva is furious and sends Veerabadra with his army of ‘Boodha Ganangal’

They destroy Dakshan and his army and punish those who attended the yagnam.

Even 'Kamadenu' and 'Kalpaga vriksham', inspite of their accidental presence in the scene could not escape and ‘Veerabadra’ cursed them too but gave saba-vimochanam.

Accordinly, kalpaga vriksham will be born as poola maram and start giving shade and protection to the Swayambu lingam at a place on earth, to be known as Arikesanallur.

Kamadenu will be born as a cow in the neighbourhood in the custody of a Brahmin.

The story develops like this and ends up specifying five shiva shethrams that has the special power of giving mukthi. (Helping human souls from pain of rebirth cycles)

1. Kasi (Varanasi ) is a holy town where a bath and three dips in Ganga River provide mukthi.

2. Thiruvannamalai: - To think of this place while breathing the last is enough.

3. Chidambaram: - Dharshan of Thillai Natarajar at the time of death gives mukthi.

4. Thiruvarur: - The very birth in this place is good enough to attain salvation.

5. Arikesari nallur: - Living here or if one's ancestors have lived here, is good enough.

In fact, this valanadu could be the age-old 'Arikesari nallur of BC 5000 ?.... if the temple priest
is to be believed on his Thala purana, in which case, the first two initial links of the ancestral chain
in our cmr clans - Maharishi Bharatwajar and Srivatsar might have at east visited this Shethram,
if not lived in this place.

.....Now, doubts may arise, as it naturally should, in the curious mind of our readers.

1) While the first four Shethrams are still alive and kicking, why the last one is no more?

2) Is Arikesari nallur a real one or imaginary?

3) Is there any proof for the so called ‘Sthala Puranam’ of temple towns?

4) Can I locate this ancestral place of ours in Google search’?

5) Assuming that I locate this, in what possible way I am connected to it?

6) Genetically speaking, how these chaps, dead and gone, are related to me?

I hope doubts will generally get cleared by the time we finish reading the full story.

Still for the ‘Doubting Thomas’ who expect DNA proof etc for hereditary origin, they may go and meet Professor Pitchappan, a geneticist from Madurai Universit

He has made an extraordinary discovery working among the Kallar tribal people.

He has found traces of the ancestral mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes from the earliest genetic heritage of

India

British district gazetteers had recorded the names of tribal people of western ghats as the Kadar; Panian; Korava; Yanadi Irula; Gadaba; Chenchu and Kallar whose culture and African appearance marked them out from other citizens surrounding them.

They lived in isolation in the thick forests as groups.

Prof. Pitchappan tested and found it in one individual and subsequently discovered that all other people of his village also had it. – They carried M130 gene from the first wave of migration of modern humans out of Africa – some groups as far as Kerala coast.

This gene must have carried down by isolation, by the strictures of the caste system and by endogamy: the kallar practice of first cousin marriage, the oldest and most characteristic form of kin marriages in south

India

There were at least two early waves of migration – may be that spoken language developed only later, say, 15000 years ago. - Language is not same as ethnicity. - Languages can easily be adopted which is also true with religion but compared with custom, kin relation and so on, it is a surface layer, just a belief system.

We will see more of it later in separate topics like,

“How old can the’ Old’ possibly be? dealing with ancient India, while another one by name..
" Life was like this once " deals with 'History' and in particular, centered on Madurai through ages.